Pharmaceutical Policies in Finland Challenges and Opportunities Pharmaceutical Policies in Finland Challenges and Opportunities Pharmaceutical Policies in Finland Challenges and Opportunities Contents List of Tables, Figures and Boxes

The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies supports and promotes evidence-based health policy-making through comprehensive and rigorous analysis of health systems in Europe. It brings together a wide range of policy-makers, academics and practitioners to analyse trends in health reform, drawing on experience from across Europe to illuminate policy issues. Keywords: LEGISLATION, DRUGS PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES – economics – legislation and jurisprudence DRUG COSTS – legislation HEALTH EXPENDITURES DRUG INDUSTRY HEALTH POLICY FINLAND The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies be liable for damages arising from its use. The views expressed by authors, editors, or expert groups do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site List of tables, figures and boxes vi List of abbreviations viii Preface ix Executive summary xi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Overview of the pharmaceutical system in Finland 5 Chapter 3: Trends in pharmaceutical expenditure and consumption 49 Chapter 4: Supply-side policies concerning pharmaceuticals 79 Chapter 5: How to influence providers 95 Chapter 6: Evaluation of options and recommendations 105 Annex 1: Background information on the review of pharmaceutical policy prepared by the …